Day 21 :
- Power Engineering | Power System | Power Electronics | Electric Power Transmission & Distribution | Power-system Protection
Chair
Bing Wang
Tsinghua University, China
Co-Chair
Albana Ilo
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Session Introduction
Jobaidur Rahman Khan
University at Buffalo, USA
Title: Implementation of appropriate particle dynamics in CFD for wet compression
Biography:
Jobaidur Rahman Khan finished his undergraduate degree in 1996 from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology with the major in Mechanical Engineering. Then he worked in industry for two years and then came to USA in 1998 for Graduate study. He finished his MS in Mechanical Engineering from University of New Orleans, Louisiana in 2001. He worked in industry for another two years and continued his Doctoral study in Mechanical Engineering in the same university. He started his research on Wet Compression since 2003. During his Doctoral research, he published half a dozen of conference papers, of which one of the papers was awarded the best paper in ASME Turbo Expo Conference in 2011. He finished his PhD in 2008, where he started his Post-doctoral research and started working as Adjunct Professor in the University of New Orleans. He started working in Georgia Southern University in Statesboro from 2012, where he worked for a year and then started working in University of Buffalo (State University of New York, SUNY Buffalo) as Teaching Assistant Professor. He is still continuing his research on alternate energy.
Abstract:
Compressor is a very important part of power producing gas turbine system. Compressor compresses air before the combustion chamber. During a hot summer day, air is heated and expanded, for which compressor load is increased. When compressor load is increased, the power production is decreased. There are a few ways to minimize the power reduction, one of which is to spray water before the compressor bell mouth. Due to the presence of water particle, air gets more saturated and its temperature keeps dropping, which results in power enhancement. The presence of water particle introduces a number of physics, e.g. evaporation of water particles, coalescence and break-up of droplets, drag force and heat transfer between the air and water particles, erosion in the compressor blades due to water particles etc. Discrete particle method is used to model the wet compression, which treats air as the main fluid and water particle as the discrete phase. Lagrangian method is applied to characterize the discrete phase, where each particle is tracked individually. Evaporation of water particles is governed by the saturation temperature and pressure relationship, which is supported by most of the commercial CFD software. Coalescence can be modeled in many different ways and some of the
renowned models are built-in in most of the CFD software. Taylor analogy breakup method is used to model the breakup of the droplets. Drag force and heat transfer are modeled by the response time (Time taken by the water particle to match the velocity of air) of water droplet. Regarding erosion, most of the CFD software has built-in solid particle erosion model, which are little different from the liquid particle. User defined function needs to be developed to model the appropriate model. This purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the above mentioned droplet dynamics in CFD software.
Jobaidur Rahman Khan
University at Buffalo, USA
Title: Implementation of appropriate particle dynamics in CFD for wet compression
Biography:
Jobaidur Rahman Khan finished his undergraduate degree in 1996 from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology with the major in Mechanical Engineering. Then he worked in industry for two years and then came to USA in 1998 for Graduate study. He finished his MS in Mechanical Engineering from University of New Orleans, Louisiana in 2001. He worked in industry for another two years and continued his Doctoral study in Mechanical Engineering in the same university. He started his research on Wet Compression since 2003. During his Doctoral research, he published half a dozen of conference papers, of which one of the papers was awarded the best paper in ASME Turbo Expo Conference in 2011. He finished his PhD in 2008, where he started his Post-doctoral research and started working as Adjunct Professor in the University of New Orleans. He started working in Georgia Southern University in Statesboro from 2012, where he worked for a year and then started working in University of Buffalo (State University of New York, SUNY Buffalo) as Teaching Assistant Professor. He is still continuing his research on alternate energy.
Abstract:
Compressor is a very important part of power producing gas turbine system. Compressor compresses air before the combustion chamber. During a hot summer day, air is heated and expanded, for which compressor load is increased. When compressor load is increased, the power production is decreased. There are a few ways to minimize the power reduction, one of which is to spray water before the compressor bell mouth. Due to the presence of water particle, air gets more saturated and its temperature keeps dropping, which results in power enhancement. The presence of water particle introduces a number of physics, e.g. evaporation of water particles, coalescence and break-up of droplets, drag force and heat transfer between the air and water particles, erosion in the compressor blades due to water particles etc. Discrete particle method is used to model the wet compression, which treats air as the main fluid and water particle as the discrete phase. Lagrangian method is applied to characterize the discrete phase, where each particle is tracked individually. Evaporation of water particles is governed by the saturation temperature and pressure relationship, which is supported by most of the commercial CFD software. Coalescence can be modeled in many different ways and some of the
renowned models are built-in in most of the CFD software. Taylor analogy breakup method is used to model the breakup of the droplets. Drag force and heat transfer are modeled by the response time (Time taken by the water particle to match the velocity of air) of water droplet. Regarding erosion, most of the CFD software has built-in solid particle erosion model, which are little different from the liquid particle. User defined function needs to be developed to model the appropriate model. This purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the above mentioned droplet dynamics in CFD software.
Fujin Deng
Aalborg University, Denmark
Title: RMMC-HVDC-Reliable Modular Multilevel Converters for High-Voltage Direct Transmission
Time : 14:10-14:35
Biography:
Fujin Deng has completed his PhD and Post-doctoral research in Energy Technology from the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Since 2015, he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark. He has published 20 papers in reputed journals. His main research interests include wind power generation, multilevel converters, DC grid, high-voltage direct-current technology, and offshore wind farm-power systems dynamics.
Abstract:
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has become the most attractive multilevel converter topology for medium- and highpower applications, especially for the High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmission system. In comparison with the two-level and three-level voltage source converter topologies, the MMC is more competitive with a number of advantages such as modularity, scalability, high efficiency, superior harmonic performance, etc. Reliability is one of the most important challenges for MMCs based HVDC systems, where a large number of power switching devices are used and each of these devices may be considered as a potential failure point. So, it is essential to detect and locate the fault after its occurrence. The underlying reason is that the fault may distort the voltage and current in the MMC, even destroy the MMC and consequently disrupt the operation of the MMC. In this presentation, a fault detection and localization method is proposed for the MMC to improve reliability. The Kalman Filter (KF), which is well-known for dealing with dynamic systems corrupted by uncertainties caused by different types of noise, is applied primarily to MMCs for fault detection. Through the comparison between the measured state value and the estimated state value by KF, the MMC fault can be detected. Based on the failure characteristics of the MMC, a fault localization method is derived for the MMC, which can effectively and precisely locate the faulty modules. In addition, the fault tolerant control of the MMC is also presented for the normal operation of the system under faults.
Bing Wang
Tsinghua University, China
Title: Direct numerical simulation of impinging jets atomization
Time : 14:35-15:00
Biography:
Bing Wang worked as a Visiting Researcher at Technological University of Munich as a Humboldt Fellow. He is now the Vice Deputy Director of School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Journal of Engineering. His research interests include fundamentals of turbulent combustion and multiphase flows, combustion instabilities and new conception propulsion, combined cycle power (RDBCC, RBCC, TBCC) and scramjets.
Abstract:
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is performed to study the impinging jets atomization considering the effects of jet inflow velocity profiles and artificial turbulence on the break-down of impinged liquid sheets. Both the simulated flow patterns and the statistical atomization feature of droplet size distribution agree well with the experimental data from the literatures. The disintegration of impinged sheet can result from the unstable aerodynamic or impact waves. Although the contribution of the two types of waves is not fairly well quantified, the simulation indicates that the impact waves dominate the breakup of the liquid sheet over a wide range of ambient pressures. Effects of the jet inflow conditions including mean velocity profile and fluctuations on the atomization process were investigated by comparing the temporal variations of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, as well as the wave frequency. The inflow velocity profile determines the wave frequency and the distribution of impact waves characterized by different amplitudes in the sheet, but the inflow velocity fluctuations, via augmenting or reducing the artificial disturbance in the jets, only dominates the amplitude of impact waves.
Albana Ilo
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Title: Distributed LINK-based operational architecture – The foundation of power systems of the new electricity age
Time : 15:00-15:25
Biography:
Albana Ilo, after completing her PhD, was with Siemens AG Austria. She has been working as an Expert and Project Lead in many research, development and projects. Distributed generation integration and their effects on transmission and distribution networks are her research interests. Her holistic model of power systems, which includes costumer plants, were crucial to her promotion to Principal Key Expert Consultant. Since October 2013, she is employed at TU Wien and is responsible for Smart Grids from Power Grid point of view. In addition, she was an Independent Expert Reviewer near the EU commission, Energy Sector.
Abstract:
Traditional power system architecture has enabled, for more than a century, a reliable, stable and efficient grid operation. However the rise of distributed generation and the usage of the volatile energy resources like wind and photo voltaic have created big operation challenges on all parts of grids: i.e. in distribution as well as in transmission. The coordinated operation of the transmission and distribution grid has now become more and more difficult. LINK-based architecture is a new technical-functional architecture that overcomes challenges, which are induced by the integration of the distributed generation. This new architecture is derived from the “Energy Supply Chain Net” holistic model of power systems and the LINK-Paradigm. Having a standardized structure, LINKParadigm can be applied to any partition of power system: Electricity production entity, storage entity, grid or even the customer plant. From this paradigm are drived three architecture components: The “Grid-Link”, the “Producer-Link” and the “Storage-Link”. Each of them has its own operator Grid- or system operator, producer operator and storage operator respectively. The distributed LINK-based architecture is designed on the basis of these three components. The new architecture allows a flat business structure across the electrical industry, which facilitates a holistic power market model. It minimizes the amount of the data, which needs to be exchanged. The interfaces between the all three architecture components are well defined. The minimum of exchanged data are extracted from power system operation processes. The LINK-based architecture is in compliance with high requirements of data privacy and narrows cyber attaks down.
Rikiya Abe
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Title: GPS synchronized digital grid: Full of renewable energy in the future new grid architecture for renewable energy era
Time : 15:25-15:50
Biography:
Rikiya Abe graduated in the Electronics Engineering from the University of Tokyo and received Doctor degree at Kyushu University, working long time at whole sale power company, J-POWER in Japan. He was a Visiting Researcher at Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). He is now a Project Professor at the University of Tokyo, Graduate course of Technology Management for Innovation (TMI) from 2008. He developed the Digital Grid concept which represents “Internet of Power”. He established a “not-for-profit organization of Digital Grid Consortium” in September 2011 and is working as a CEO. He is a Co-Chair of Presidential Endowed Chair of the “Electric Power Network Innovation by Digital Grid”, at the University of Tokyo, from June 2012. He also started a venture company, the Digital Grid Inc., to apply Digital Grid technology in the world. The company has started off-grid solution in Tanzania and is operating 550 solar kiosks to provided minimum electricity requirement. His research fields are: Smart Grid, Micro Grid, Digital Grid, Energy Storage, Power Electronics, Demand Response and Demand Fix.
Abstract:
Most of renewable energy has to use inverters to supply their power to the conventional grid; that is a huge synchronous system, composed of numerous numbers of synchronous generators. Inverters do not have a synchronizing mechanism. Therefore, it is said that penetration of renewables will be limited. Digital Grid is a new concept of multiple electrical grids (called “cell”), connecting each other asynchronously. In the cell grid, we are free from conventional electrical constraints and can create a new type of electric power system. In this paper, we propose GPS synchronized grid system. GPS satellite time signal will make very accurate carrier frequency for the inverters, and then all the inverters in the cell will synchronize very accurately. We can acquire rotating inertia for inverters. Inverters behave as a voltage source, and then the power system in the cell becomes a linear system. Digital Grid will be most promising power system for renewable penetration because we can utilize existing infrastructure with plenty of inverters. We can utilize full of renewable energy in the future.
Shu Xian Toh
University of Coimbra, Portugal
Title: Five W’s World Model (FWWM) as a congruent approach in energy policy design
Time : 16:40-16:55
Biography:
Shu Xian Toh is an Academic Researcher and is currently pursuing her Master’s degree in Sustainable Energy at University of Coimbra, Portugal. Her most recent research work is to be presented at the 11th SDEWES Conference in September 2016, at Lisbon.
Abstract:
Recent concerns regarding multiple perspectives in energy efficiency fostering caused renewed attention on regulatory frameworks and behaviour change models. The growing awareness on the positive effects of identifying behavioural triggers of different market participant roles within the energy plethora provides comprehensive information for policy makers. A literature review in existing policy design framework and behavioural change models is outlaid in this paper. Acknowledging the clear prevalence of various challenges which constraint the success of adopting market instruments and regulatory schemes to accelerate positive energy behaviours. This study recommends the implementation of Five W’s World Model (FWWM) towards energy policy design. Five W’s World Model (FWWM) framework provide a different perspective for regulators, public policy designers, and energy service providers in forming holistic practices to circumvent barriers in achieving the targeted goals in the energy efficiency context.
Sang Hyeok Chae
Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea
Title: Properties of thermal batteries containing the ceramic felt separators infiltrated using LiCl-KCl and LiFLiCl- LiBr electrolytes
Time : 16:55-17:10
Biography:
Sang Hyeok Chae is currently a Graduate student at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Yeungnam University, South Korea. He is studying the development of more reliable thermal batteries by replacing the pellet-pressed electrolyte into the porous ceramic fiber felts infiltrated with the molten electrolytes.
Abstract:
Due to their excellent mechanical robustness and superior stability for long-term storage, thermal batteries have been used as the primary power sources for many military applications that need prompt electric power. Thermal batteries are activated by the melting of solid electrolyte into molten salt at high temperature. The components for current thermal batteries, such as the cathode, anode and electrolytes, have been synthesized by simple pellet pressing using a ceramic powder, which are inherently fragile during handling, particularly with a thin and large dimension prepared to enhance the electrochemical properties. To prevent the fracturing of electrolyte that causes the short circuit, the use of separators with porous ceramic felts instead of pressed pellets can be an alternative way. The use of a thermally and chemically stable ceramic felt separator for thermal batteries is believed to enhance the reliability by minimizing the sudden failure of an electrolyte upon shock compared to the conventional pellet-pressed one. Therefore, the behaviors of two kinds of molten salt electrolytes, LiCl-KCl (melting point: 350°C) and LiF-LiCl-LiBr (melting point: 450°C) infiltrated into the commercially available alumina and zirconia ceramic felt separators were examined. Experimental assessment of the wetting and infiltration behaviors along with the loading and leakage rates were evaluated at their molten temperatures on the ceramic felts. A comparative study for the electrochemical properties of thermal batteries containing the ceramic felt separator will be also presented.
Özgün Girgin
Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Title: A harmonic reduction scheme for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers
Time : 17:10-17:25
Biography:
Özgün Girgin received the BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Turkey, in 2010 and 2013, respectively. He is working towards the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering. He is also a Research Assistant in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University. His research interests include AC–DC converters, inverters and soft switching techniques in power electronics. He was also employed in two research projects concerning power electronics.
Abstract:
Three phase controlled rectifiers are the most commonly used converter type among power electronics converters. Their total harmonic distortion of the input current (THDi) is very high. Decreasing THDi value is very important to comply with IEEE-519 standards and IEC-61000-3-2, and for power quality issues. This paper deals with a high power thyristor rectifier with low harmonics and high power factor. In this study, harmonic mitigation techniques for thyristor rectifiers are investigated. Furthermore, a thyristor rectifier which comply with IEEE-519 standards and IEC-6100-3-2 is proposed. The proposed system is evaluated according to input current total harmonic distortion, the input power factor and, line voltage unbalance sensitivity. The reduction in the input current harmonics is verified by simulation results.
- Smart Grid Technologies | Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Sources | Energy Policy | Energy Economics | Energy and Economic Growth | Applications of Energy Engineering
Chair
Rikiya Abe
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Co-Chair
Florin Iov
Aalborg University, Denmark
Session Introduction
Florin Iov
Aalborg University, Denmark
Title: Smart grid operation and control – Challenges for Danish distribution systems operators
Time : 09:30-09:55
Biography:
Florin Iov (IEEE S ’98, M ’04, SM ’06) received the MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Brasov University, Romania, in 1993 and a PhD degree from Galati University, Romania in 2003 with a special focus in the modeling, simulation and control of large wind turbines. He was staff member at Galati University, Romania from 1993 to 2001. He was with Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark between 2001 and 2009 where he was mainly involved in research projects regarding grid integration of wind power. From 2010 to 2012, he held a position as Power System Research Specialist in Vestas Wind Systems working with new ancillary services for augmented wind power plants. Since 2013, he is with Institute of Energy Technology focusing on research within smart grids and intelligent energy systems. His research areas cover control and application of electrical machines and power electronic converters for grid integration of renewable energy sources and, operation and control of dispersed generation in modern power systems. He is author or co-author of more than 120 journal/conference papers.
Abstract:
The modern society is focussing more and more on reducing CO2 emissions and increasing the use of sustainable energy technologies. The official European Union objectives are captured in the "20/20/20 plans". For Denmark, the objectives are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 by 20% compared to 2005, to expand the use of sustainable resources to produce an amount of energy equal to 30% of the total energy consumption, and finally, to reduce the energy consumption by 4% in 2020 compared to 2006. In addition, the Danish government targets 10% of the energy consumption in the transport sector, to be produced from sustainable technologies. As part of the total objective, the Danish government aims for 50% of the electricity consumption to be produced by wind power in 2020. In comparison, in 2014, 39% of the electricity consumption was produced by wind power. In 2012, this was 30.1% which indicates that Denmark will reach this goal. In order to realise these objectives, the capacity of wind and solar power should be increased and more people should have Electric Vehicles (EVs), along with installing Heat Pumps (HPs) instead of the normal district heating. Penetration of renewable generation is already high in the distribution grids and more units are expected to be installed. Thus, new challenges for daily operation of distribution grids will arise. This paper deals with operational challenges related to this high penetration of renewable generation and smart grid devices into distribution grids. Field measurements showing reverse power flow and voltage rise due to renewable generation are shown. Voltage unbalances in low voltage grids due to asymmetrical loading as well as other power quality challenges will be shown. Mitigation techniques and possible control methods are investigated and assessed through benchmark studies.
Sebastian Gerke
IBM Research - Zurich, Switzerland
Title: Industry-scale harvesting and re-use of low grade heat enabled by microtechnology
Time : 09:55-10:20
Biography:
Sebastian Gerke studied Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics. He worked for several years in the field of Novel Generator Technologies and Energy Efficient Embedded Systems. After his PhD with a topic in Material Research for Photovoltaic, he joined the Smart System Integration group of IBM Reserach in Zurich.
Abstract:
In 2015, participants of the ‘United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21st Conference of the Parties’ in Paris decided to limit the rise in global temperatures by 2100 due to global warming to under 2°C. The participating countries have agreed that one of the main means to achieve this objective is to lower the global output of the greenhouse-gas CO2. In addition,
several nations have decided to make the change without using fission energy. Achieving both these goals is a big challenge for the future. Nowadays about 75% of our primary energy is wasted in unusable heat. This is primarily caused by inefficiencies in the existing energy generation and consumption. To contribute to improved efficiency of energy use we have introduced several technologies. A high concentrator photovoltaic thermal system produces electrical as well as thermal energy with a system efficiency of ~80%. Integration of MEMS based liquid cooling technology directly into the carrier of multi-junction solar cells, allows a concentration in the focus of up to 2000 suns. Therefore, a single hybrid system with a 40 m2 parabolic dish is able to generate of up to 12 kW of electrical power and 20 kW of thermal power. A similar approach of re-use of energy can be employed to improve the efficiency as well as ecological impact of electrical consumers. For instance, today more than 120 TWh of electrical energy is used to operate the data centers around the world, which constitute the backbone of our service economy. A chip integrated hot water cooling allows to redirect three-quarters of this energy. This is environmentally friendly, lowers overall operating costs and enables new business models. Both waste heat from solar systems and data centers can be used to drive adsorption heat pumps and thus convert waste heat into cooling when needed.
Qiong Cai
University of Surrey, UK
Title: Electrochemical energy technologies for grid energy storage
Time : 10:20-10:45
Biography:
Qiong Cai was trained as a Materials Engineer at Tsinghua University (China), and obtained her PhD at University of Edinburgh in Chemical Engineering in 2007. She then spent five years working as a Postdoc Researcher at Imperial College London, specialised in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices including Fuel Cells, Electrolysers and Batteries. She became a Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at Surrey in September 2012 and was promoted to Senior Lecturer in April 2016. She currently holds an EPSRC grant (EP/M027066/1) on developing sodium ion battery for grid energy storage and a flexible grant from the SUPERGEN H2FC Hub on developing low cost materials for polymer membrane fuel cells. Her research groups are working at the interface of materials science and electrochemical engineering, using modelling and simulations combined with experiment for the design of materials for applications in electrochemical energy devices.
Abstract:
Renewable energy resources can deliver sustainable and secure supplies of energy in heating/cooling, transport and electricity generation. However, an electricity system based on intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal and marine, gives rise to new challenges concerning the storage and utilization of surplus energy, system operation, and energy supply reliability. Energy storage is essential to help cope with these challenges and facilitate a faster penetration of intermittent energy resources. This presentation reports our work on two electrochemical technologies as promising grid energy storage– electrolysers and batteries. Electrolyers provide a cost-effective and energy efficient route to clean hydrogen production. The optimal control strategies when coupling electrolyser systems with intermittent renewable energies are investigated for the first time. Control strategies considered include maximizing hydrogen production, minimizing electrolyser energy consumption and minimizing compressor energy consumption. Optimal control trajectories of the operating variables over a given period of time show
feasible control for the chosen situations. The relative merits of the optimal control strategies are revealed. Sodium ion batteries (NIB) have been considered as a promising next-generation energy storage technology, because of the natural abundance, wide availability and low cost of Na resources. We have been using molecular simulations combined with experiment for designing nanoporous carbons as negative electrode materials. Molecular simulations reveal the intercalation mechanism of Na ions into the nanoporous space with the presence of organic solvent. This is then used to guide the design of the materials for best performance in NIBs, and compared with experimental results.
Fabio Matteocci
University of Rome “Tor Vergataâ€, Italy
Title: Organometal-halide perovskite solar cell: High efficiency, up-scaling process and stability
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Fabio Matteocci received the Master’s degree in Electronic Engineering in July 2009 and completed his PhD in July 2014 from University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. Since 2014, he is working as Post-doc to develop an up-scaling process for hybrid thin film devices using perovskite and 2-D materials such as graphene and MoS2. Recently, he joined as a Researcher at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” in the Electronic Engineering Department. He has published more than 20 papers in high-impact scientific journals and has participated as Speaker to important conferences based on the renewable energy field.
Abstract:
Since three years, perovskite-based photovoltaic devices grew up to 22% in terms of conversion efficiency. Up scaling and stability issues are still under evaluation to validate its role as promising candidate to compete with the other thin-film photovoltaic technologies. In this work, we show the results obtained regarding the main hot-topics such as: High efficiency, up-scaling and stability. Large area (1cm2) test PSCs were fabricated by using an optimized solvent engineering approach achieving an average efficiency of 13.5% with a best efficiency of 15.4%. The scaling up from small area (0.1 cm2) to large area PSCs resulted in an efficiency loss of only 9%, with an efficiency of 17.1% for the best small area PSC. Regarding the up-scaling process, we optimized the realization procedures scaling up the process up to 100 cm2. The results show a best efficiency of 13% on 10 cm2 as active area, 12.5% on 60 cm2 and 9% on 100 cm2, respectively. The issues related to the up-scaling are also discussed by changing the perovskite deposition from spin-coating to blade-coating techniques. Furthermore, we tested the stability of high efficient mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell (PSCs) after the development of a cost-effective encapsulation technique. The main degradation factors (temperature,
humidity and light exposure) were evaluated using long-term stability tests such as: Shelf life (>1000 h, RT @ 30RH%), humidity test (>100 h, 40-50°C @ 95RH%), thermal test (>250 h, dark condition, 60°C and 85°C) and light soaking test (>200 h, MPP condition). The results show the intrinsic stability of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite structure and doped Spiro-OMeTAD. The devices maintain more than 70% of the initial efficiency after shelf life, humidity test, thermal test at 60°C and light soaking test. This shows the beneficial effect of the proposed sealing procedure. The intrinsic degradation is still present due to the instability of the active layers. To understand some degradation effects, scanning transmission electron microscope was used and elemental mapping was acquired through energy-dispersive X-ray analysis on aged cells. Finally, we report the main stability issues related to the intrinsic stability of both CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and Spiro-OmeTAD materials.
Ayse Ergun Amac
Kocaeli University, Turkey
Title: An assesment on energy profile and strategy of Turkey under European Union perspective
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Ayse Ergun Amac received the BS degree (with honors) in Electrical Education from Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1994 and the MS and the PhD degrees in Electrical Education from Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey in 1997 and 2003 respectively. From 1995 to 2003, she was a Research Assistant in Kocaeli University, Technical Education Faculty. From 2002 to 2004, she was in the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, as a Research Scholar to study on active filters. She has been with the Department of Electrical Education, Kocaeli University as an Assistant Professor from 2004 to 2013. She was in the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee as a Research Professor to study on renewable energy in 2013. Since 2013, she has been with the Department of Energy System Engineering, Kocaeli University, Technology Faculty, Kocaeli, as an Associate Professor. Her current research interests are hybrid electrical vehicles, renewable energy and switched reluctance machines.
Abstract:
Energy is one of the main issues for countries to sustain their existance economically and socially in our era. It is a well known fact that the petroleum, one of the primary energy sources, is located in specific regions. In that respect, it is seen that the most important reason of the complex political circumstances in the world is to reach energy resources. Fast increase of world population and technologic developments cause ascending energy needs. Resources are limited and there is nothing human can do about it. Therefore, the countries, which want to have a place in the world, should produce their energy policies. Their goals should be to obtain not only uninterruptible, reliable, clean, and cost-effective energy, but also create variety of resources and models of energy safety that count geopolitical facts. Consequently, optimizing resources, protecting the environment and ergo planning are vital issues while processing the energy. In this presentation, various information and data about the subject are compiled and energy appearances of the world, European Union and Turkey are introduced grafically and statistically. Moreover, the efforts of Turkey’s being energy corridor between Asia-Europe are mentioned in the report. Building reliable and sustainable relations between countries, exterminating the energy source problem and using it as a tool for peace are main goals of Turkey with this project. In order to make this principle in reality, Turkey needs to the sincere support of the European countries and also developing countries. Turkey would like to serve as a bridge to provide global energy security.
Berrin Kursun
Marmara University, Turkey
Title: Are renewable energy technologies really sustainable: Is less bad good enough?
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Berrin Kursun had her PhD at The Ohio State University in 2013. Her PhD studies focused on sustainable energy systems design composed of localized and centralized technology options. For that, she worked in collaboration with a local NGO (Development Alternatives) and, the team performed the multi-dimensional analysis of different energy technologies to meet the energy demand of Rampura Village in Uttar Pradesh state of India sustainably. She works at Marmara University, Chemical Engineering department since 2014 and at Marmara University International Sustainability Center since 2015. She continues her studies in the areas of sustainable energy systems design, techno-ecological synergy, holistic management with a Turkish NGO and sustainability on campus.
Abstract:
Sustainability is a hot topic in the face of the environmental problems we expose today. And, renewable energy is proposed to be the cure to energy related environmental and sustainability focused problems such as the energy poverty in rural areas. However, multi-dimensional analysis of emerging renewable energy technologies and calculation of their real cost to the nature is crucial. In design of a truly sustainable energy system, but not a version with reduced impacts, being the resource renewable only may not be enough. Complementary analyses (such as joint use of emergy analysis and life cycle assessment) which take into account the knowledge of local people and local carrying capacity of the region where the energy system is to be implemented will not shift the problems outside the inappropriate analysis boundary. One other aspect to consider is the size of the renewable energy technology. An oversize hydroelectric power plant can damage the river and surrounding ecosystem severely. Or, conventional solar PVs which are anticipated as 100% renewable have renewability of around 2% because of the f non-renewable resources utilized in production and mounting of solar panels. Hence, renewable energy technologies perceived as sustainable options in meeting energy needs may not be sustainable as expected and they should be analysed holistically with systems thinking prior to mass adoption. Based on its importance, this talk attempts to discuss sustainable energy systems design based on renewable energy sources from multiple perspectives.
Emad M Masoud
Benha University, Egypt
Title: Polymer nano composites electrolytes for lithium ion batteries: Science and technology
Time : 14:25-14:50
Biography:
Emad M Masoud has completed his PhD from Benha University, Egypt and Post-doctoral studies from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Tuebingen University, Germany. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member and Reviewer in international journals.
Abstract:
Nano technology and energy is the most important subject of today’s society because this field has an important economic side for all countries all over the world and researchers throughout the world are putting a lot of effort into how to make energy as environmental friendly as possible. How well this is done depends on more than one factor, such as structure of the system that will produce energy. Battery, especially rechargeable battery, can store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and deliver it with high conversion efficiency, is the most optimal form of energy storage and playing an irreplaceable role in the world wide industry. The lithium ion battery can be considered to be a container holding a large amount of energy, and a number of studies have attempted to enhance the energy density of the lithium ion battery. However, at the same time, the remarkable advantages of the lithium ion battery can be a practical problem. If a device can contain higher energy, there is a higher risk of fire explosion. Therefore, safety is a key issue for future applications of the lithium ion battery such as large-scale batteries for electric vehicles and load leveling devices. In order to overcome this problem, the development of all solid state batteries using a solid electrolyte will be a good approach. Polymer nano composites electrolytes, new electrolytic materials competing for a place in the future energy generation, storage and distribution markets. Polymer electrolytes offer many advantages over their more conventional liquid counterparts in these developing technologies, such as: Adequate conductivity for practical purposes, flexibility, easy of processing into thin films of a large surface area, good mechanical stability, chemical electrochemical stability and volumetric stability through charging and discharging processes.